Python Program to Illustrate Different Set Operations

# Program to perform different set operations like in mathematics

# define three sets
E = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8};
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

# set union
print("Union of E and N is",E | N)

# set intersection
print("Intersection of E and N is",E & N)

# set difference
print("Difference of E and N is",E - N)

# set symmetric difference
print("Symmetric difference of E and N is",E ^ N)

Python Program to Convert Decimal to Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal

# Python program to convert decimal number into binary, octal and hexadecimal number system

# Change this line for a different result
dec = 344

print("The decimal value of",dec,"is:")
print(bin(dec),"in binary.")
print(oct(dec),"in octal.")
print(hex(dec),"in hexadecimal.")

Python Program to Find Hash of File

# Python rogram to find the SHA-1 message digest of a file

# import hashlib module
import hashlib

def hash_file(filename):
   """"This function returns the SHA-1 hash
   of the file passed into it"""

   # make a hash object
   h = hashlib.sha1()

   # open file for reading in binary mode
   with open(filename,'rb') as file:

       # loop till the end of the file
       chunk = 0
       while chunk != b'':
           # read only 1024 bytes at a time
           chunk = file.read(1024)
           h.update(chunk)

   # return the hex representation of digest
   return h.hexdigest()

message = hash_file("track1.mp3")
print(message)

Function to Convert Decimal to Binary Using Recursion

def convertToBinary(n):
   """Function to print binary number
   for the input decimal using recursion"""
   if n > 1:
       convertToBinary(n//2)
   print(n % 2,end = '')

Python Program to Count the Number of Each Vowel

# Program to count the number of each vowel in a string

# string of vowels
vowels = 'aeiou'

# change this value for a different result
ip_str = 'Hello, have you tried our turorial section yet?'

# uncomment to take input from the user
#ip_str = input("Enter a string: ")

# make it suitable for caseless comparisions
ip_str = ip_str.casefold()

# make a dictionary with each vowel a key and value 0
count = {}.fromkeys(vowels,0)

# count the vowels
for char in ip_str:
   if char in count:
       count[char] += 1

print(count)

Python Program to Merge Mails

# Python program to mail merger
# Names are in the file names.txt
# Body of the mail is in body.txt

# open names.txt for reading
with open("names.txt",'r',encoding = 'utf-8') as names_file:

   # open body.txt for reading
   with open("body.txt",'r',encoding = 'utf-8') as body_file:
   
       # read entire content of the body
       body = body_file.read()

       # iterate over names
       for name in names_file:
           mail = "Hello "+name+body

           # write the mails to individual files
           with open(name.strip()+".txt",'w',encoding = 'utf-8') as mail_file:
               mail_file.write(mail)

Python Program to Find the Size (Resolution) of a Image

def jpeg_res(filename):
   """"This function prints the resolution of the jpeg image file passed into it"""

   # open image for reading in binary mode
   with open(filename,'rb') as img_file:

       # height of image (in 2 bytes) is at 164th position
       img_file.seek(163)

       # read the 2 bytes
       a = img_file.read(2)

       # calculate height
       height = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

       # next 2 bytes is width
       a = img_file.read(2)

       # calculate width
       width = (a[0] << 8) + a[1]

   print("The resolution of the image is",width,"x",height)

jpeg_res("img1.jpg")